List of Anticoagulant | Types
Anticoagulant is a chemical when it is introduce into the blood it inhibit the clotting.
The main mechanism of anticoagulant it form complex or precipitate with one the 12 clotting factor.
That 12 clotting facor are dependent on each other but due to inactivation of one factor leak to inhibit the clotting mechanism.
There are different anticoagulant depending upon their need.
E.g. EDTA, double oxalate, sodium citrate, sodium flouride, heparin.
EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra-acetic Acid)
It is commonly used in all pathology.
It is consist of 2Na+3K.
It form complexw with ca ion or combine with ca++.
It is prepare with 10gm 2Na+90ml distilled water.
Top cover of vacutainer colour is purple.
2gm EDTA used for 1ml blood.
EDTA mostly recommended for routine test, platelate count, Rbc count, Wbc count, Blood group, hemoglobin. It is not used for coagulation profile.
Double oxalate
It is mainly consist of ammonia 1.2% and potassium oxalate 0.8%.
The mechanical action of the double oxalate by it precipitate with ca ion.
2gm required for 1ml of blood.
It is commonly used for CBC and ESR.
Sodium citrate
It is commonly used for coagulation profile and ESR.
Its proportion is 9:1 i.e. 9 part of blood and 1 part of anticoagulant.
Mechanism of action : It convert ionized ca++ to non ionozed ca++. It's vacutainer colour is blue for coagulation profile and black for ESR.
Sodium flouride
It is commonly used for blood sugar profile.
It mainly consist of Naf and potassium oxalate.
Naf inhibit glycolytic pathway and potassium oxalate precipitate with ca++.
Naf is weak anticoagulant and potassium oxalate is strong antocoagulant.
It's vacutainer colour is grey.
It is use 2gm for 1 ml of blood.
Heparin
It is natural antocagulant.
It is derived from liver and spleen.
It is very costly.
It is mostly recommended for Blood Gas Analysis (BGA).
Mechanism of action : It inactivate thrombin. so, it inhibit clotting. The cover of vacutainer is green.
In plane tube clot activater is present named as silicon.
- Aspirin
- Eliquis (apixaban)
- Coumadin (warfarin)
- Pradaxa (dabigatran)
- Brilinta (ticagrelor)
- Plavix (clopidogrel)
- Xarelto (rivaroxaban)
- Effient (prasugrel)